ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus that appears during the second or the third trimester of pregnancy using a glucose tolerance test, and to explore the relationship with pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women in Armenia. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study in pregnant women coming to a Level I clinic in Armenia for prenatal care before 14 weeks of gestation who signed the informed consent. Pregnant women with hypertension or existing diabetes before pregnancy or with conditions that could alter HbA1c were excluded. Consecutive sampling: Blood sugar and HbA1c were measured on admission and the glucose tolerance test with 75 g was measured at 24-28 weeks; perinatal and maternal outcomes were measured at the time of delivery. A descriptive analysis is performed and the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus is presented. Results: Of a total of 372 candidates to enter the study, there were two cases (0.5%) of pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Of the 370 pregnant women who met the selection criteria, 43 (11.6%) had a miscarriage, and 36 (9.7%) were lost to follow-up before 24 weeks; of the remaining 291 women, 35 (12%) did not undergo the glucose tolerance test. The glucose tolerance test was performed in 256 pregnant women and it was abnormal in 12 cases, for a prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus of 4.7% (12/256). Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 4.7% in the study population, although frequency may have been underestimated due to losses before 24 weeks. No adverse perinatal outcomes were found in this group of pregnant women.
RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar, por curva de tolerancia a la glucosa (CTG), la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) que se inicia en el segundo o tercer trimestre del embarazo, y explorar la relación con resultados del embarazo en gestantes de Armenia. Materiales y métodos: estudio prospectivo en cohorte de gestantes que consultaron a un centro de atención de primer nivel en Armenia, para control prenatal antes de la semana 14 y firmaron el consentimiento informado. Se excluyeron gestantes con hipertensión o diabetes previa al embarazo, o condiciones que pudieran alterar la HbA1c. Se midieron glicemia y HbA1c al ingreso, y curva de tolerancia a la glucosa (CTG) con 75 g semanas 24-28, y resultados perinatales y maternos al parto. Se hace análisis descriptivo y se presenta la prevalencia de DMG. Resultados: de un total de 372 gestantes candidatas a ingresar al estudio se detectaron dos casos (0,5 %) de diabetes mellitus previa al embarazo. De las 370 que cumplieron los criterios de selección, un total de 43 (11,6 %) presentaron aborto, otras 36 (9,7 %) se retiraron antes de la semana 24; de las 291 restantes, 35 (12 %) no se realizaron la CTG, por lo que se tomó la CTG en 256 gestantes, de las cuales se encontró CTG anormal en 12 casos, para una prevalencia de DMG de 4,7 % (12/256). Conclusiones: la prevalencia de DMG fue del 4,7 % en la población estudiada, podría haber subestimación de la frecuencia por pérdidas antes de la semana 24. No se encontraron resultados perinatales adversos en este grupo de gestantes.